How to Become a Controller 2025

What Does a Controller Do?

Controllers are a vital part of any successful organization. They're in charge of all accounting-related activities, acting as the chief accounting officer. Think of them as the financial gatekeepers, ensuring accuracy and compliance in everything financial. This position is appealing for those who enjoy finance, have a strong eye for detail, and want to play a key role in a company's overall success.

A controller's duties are broad, encompassing everything from preparing financial statements to managing budgets and forecasts. They oversee the accounting department, making sure that all financial transactions are properly recorded and reported. This includes tasks such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and tax preparation. Controllers provide leadership to their team, mentoring staff and promoting a positive work environment.

Here's a breakdown of some key definitions related to the controller role:

• Financial Statements: These are formal records of the financial activities and position of a business, person, or other entity. Common examples are the balance sheet, income statement, and statement of cash flows.
• Budgeting: This is the process of creating a plan for how money will be spent over a specific period. Controllers are deeply involved in preparing and monitoring budgets.
• Forecasting: This involves predicting future financial performance based on current trends and past data. Controllers use forecasts to help management make informed decisions.
• Compliance: This means adhering to all applicable laws, regulations, and company policies. Controllers are responsible for ensuring that the organization complies with all financial reporting requirements.
• Internal Controls: These are processes put in place to safeguard assets and prevent fraud. Controllers design and implement internal controls.

Controllers work closely with other departments, such as operations and sales, to gather financial data and provide insights. They also communicate with external stakeholders, such as auditors and investors. The controller is a key advisor to senior management, providing financial guidance and support. To learn more about accounting check out the AICPA's home page: AICPA

Controller Educational & Certification Requirements

A controller role is a senior-level position requiring a solid educational base and often, professional certifications. The typical path begins with a bachelor's degree in accounting or finance. These programs provide a foundation in financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, taxation, and business law. Coursework equips students with the skills to analyze financial data, prepare reports, and manage accounting operations.

Many employers prefer candidates with a Master's degree in Accounting (MAcc) or a Master of Business Administration (MBA) with a concentration in accounting or finance. A graduate degree offers deeper knowledge and can make candidates more competitive. It allows for specialization in areas like forensic accounting, tax accounting, or international finance.

Beyond formal education, professional certifications can significantly boost a controller's career prospects. The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) license is highly valued, showing proficiency in accounting standards and regulations. Candidates must pass the Uniform CPA Examination, meet education requirements (often including 150 semester hours of college credit), and fulfill work experience criteria. The American Institute of CPAs provides information about the CPA exam and licensing requirements. ( https://www.aicpa.org/)

Other useful certifications include the Certified Management Accountant (CMA), offered by the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA). The CMA focuses on managerial accounting and financial management skills, proving expertise in areas like budgeting, cost analysis, and performance management. The IMA website has details about the CMA program and exam. (https://www.imanet.org/)

Continuing professional education (CPE) is needed to maintain certifications like the CPA and CMA. These requirements ensure controllers stay up-to-date with changes in accounting standards, tax laws, and industry best practices. CPE can be obtained through workshops, conferences, online courses, and professional publications.

Step-By-Step Guide to Becoming a Controller

Becoming a controller requires a combination of education, experience, and professional certifications. This guide lays out the steps you can take to reach this important position within a company's financial department.

Step 1: Earn a Bachelor's Degree in Accounting (or a Closely Related Field)

A bachelor's degree in accounting is the most common educational path. Classes in financial accounting, managerial accounting, auditing, taxation, and business law will provide a solid foundation. If your bachelor's degree is in a different but related area, such as finance or economics, consider supplementing it with accounting-specific coursework. Strong analytical and mathematical skills are also useful.

Step 2: Gain Relevant Work Experience

Experience is key. Start with entry-level accounting positions such as accounting clerk, staff accountant, or junior auditor. Look for opportunities to work with financial statements, general ledgers, and accounting software. Aim to gain exposure to different aspects of accounting, such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, and month-end closing procedures. Progress can then be made toward roles that have greater responsibility such as a senior accountant.

Step 3: Obtain a Professional Certification (CPA, CMA)

Professional certifications boost your credentials and demonstrate expertise. The Certified Public Accountant (CPA) certification is highly regarded, especially for those working in public accounting or preparing financial statements. The Certified Management Accountant (CMA) certification focuses on internal accounting and financial management. These certifications require passing a difficult exam, meeting experience requirements, and completing continuing education. Information about the CPA can be found at the AICPA's website: https://www.aicpa.org/. Information about the CMA can be found at the IMA's website: https://www.imanet.org/.

Step 4: Develop Strong Leadership and Communication Skills

Controllers often lead accounting teams and communicate financial information to upper management. Develop your leadership skills by taking on supervisory roles or participating in leadership training programs. Hone your communication skills through presentations, report writing, and active listening. Being able to clearly explain complex financial data to non-financial audiences is crucial.

Step 5: Advance to Controller-Level Positions

With sufficient experience and a professional certification, you can pursue controller positions. Start by looking for roles such as assistant controller or accounting manager. These roles provide valuable experience in overseeing accounting functions and managing teams. Network with other accounting professionals and stay up-to-date on the latest accounting standards and technologies to increase your chances of landing a controller position.

How To Network As a Controller

Becoming a Controller isn't just about crunching numbers and mastering accounting principles. A significant part of career progression involves building and maintaining a strong professional network. This network becomes a valuable resource for job opportunities, industry insights, and mentorship as you advance.

One of the best ways to start networking is during your bachelor's degree. Attend accounting and finance club meetings, career fairs, and workshops. Engage with speakers and recruiters; ask questions and collect contact information. An internship offers superb opportunities to network with professionals at various levels within a company. Make a point of connecting with colleagues in different departments to broaden your view of the organization and establish relationships beyond your immediate team.

After graduation, professional organizations become a key resource. Groups like the Institute of Management Accountants (https://www.imanet.org/) and Financial Executives International (https://www.financialexecutives.org/) offer local chapters with networking events, workshops, and conferences. Participating in these events lets you meet peers, potential mentors, and even future employers. Actively listen, share your experiences, and follow up with new contacts after the event. Another strategy to maintain contact is through LinkedIn. Engage with others by sharing professional insights on the platform.

Networking is a continual process. Attend industry conferences, join online forums related to accounting, and stay in touch with former colleagues and professors. Building genuine relationships takes time and effort, but a strong network will support your growth and open doors throughout your career as a Controller.

Actionable Tips & Resources For Aspiring Controllers In 2025

Becoming a Controller is a significant career goal for many accountants. The path requires careful planning and continuous development. If you're aiming for this role, focusing on practical steps and leveraging available resources will be essential for your success in 2025.

First, build a strong foundation. This starts with a bachelor's degree in accounting and often includes pursuing certifications like the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) or Certified Management Accountant (CMA). These certifications demonstrate your expertise and commitment to the profession. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is a great resource for CPA information: https://www.aicpa.org/. The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) offers detailed information about the CMA certification: https://www.imanet.org/.

Second, gain experience in various accounting roles. Don't limit yourself to one area. Exposure to general ledger accounting, financial reporting, auditing, and budgeting provides a well-rounded skill set that Controllers need. Seek opportunities to lead projects and manage teams. Practical experience demonstrates capabilities to potential employers.

Third, stay updated with the latest accounting technologies. Financial software, data analytics tools, and cloud-based systems are becoming standard in accounting departments. Familiarize yourself with programs like SAP, Oracle NetSuite, or QuickBooks. Taking courses or earning certifications in these technologies can significantly improve your marketability.

Fourth, networking is vital. Attend industry events, join professional organizations, and connect with other accounting professionals on platforms like LinkedIn. Networking can expose you to job opportunities and provide advice from experienced Controllers. Mentorship is also highly valuable; seek guidance from a Controller who can share their experiences and offer career advice.

Fifth, continue your education. The accounting landscape is constantly changing, so commit to lifelong learning. Consider pursuing a master's degree in accounting or business administration to deepen your knowledge. Look for continuing professional education (CPE) courses to stay updated on new accounting standards and regulations.